State establishment of education “Secondary school №1 of t. Luninets”
The study of phrasal verbs in the book for the 11th form by the authors N.V.Yukhnel, Ye.G.Naumova, N.V.Demtchenko and in the centralized testing
The section of foreign languages
Аleksandra Metelitsa,
Sergeevna, form 11
Shpak Natallia Ivanovna,
a teacher of English
Luninets, 2025
Contents
Introduction…………………………………………………………………….3
Chapter 1. Phrasal verbs…………………………………………………….….4
1.1 What are phrasal verbs?................................................................................4
1.2 Phrasal verbs, their properties and classification…………………………..4
1.3 The origin and development of phrasal verbs …………………………..…6
1.4 Why do the English use so many phrasal verbs?..........................................7
1.5 How to remember phrasal verbs………………...........................................7
Chapter 2. Compilation of a mini- dictionary……………..……………….…..8
2.1 Searching phrasal verbs in the student’s book for the 11th form by the authors N.V.Yukhnel, Ye.G.Naumova, N.V.Demtchenko………………………..…8
2.2 Searching phrasal verbs in the centralized testing tasks in 2025………..…9
Conclusion…………………………………………………………………….10
List of literature……………………………………………………………….11
Appendix 1……………………………………………………………………12
Appendix 2……………………………………………………………………26
Appendix 3 …………………………………………………………………...35
Appendix 4……………………………………………………………………36
Appendix 5……………………………………………………………………37
Introduction
This year I’m a student of the 11th form of secondary school and last year I decided to take centralized testing in English. Phrasal verbs have always been a challenge for me, and I think for all students too, because phrasal verbs are one of the most complex and interesting topics in English grammar. Why are they so complex? Because a small preposition changes the meaning of a word so much that unless you look up in a dictionary, you will never guess its meaning. That’s why I made a decision to find and study all the phrasal verbs from our Student’s book and centralized testing tasks. So, the actuality of the research is that, firstly, the Student’s book does not contain a dictionary with the phrasal verbs that are used there, and secondly, there aren’t any booklets of verbs that are used in centralized testing.
The hypothesis is that there are phrasal verbs in the centralized testing tasks taken from the student’s book for the 11th form.
The goal of the research was in studying and finding phrasal verbs in the student’s book for the 11th form and in the centralized testing tasks for further compiling a mini-dictionary and practical exercises to train the phrasal verbs used there.
During the research we had to work on the following objectives:
1. to learn what phrasal verbs are, their properties and classification; the origin and development of phrasal verbs; why the English use so many phrasal verbs and how to remember them;
2. to find all the phrasal verbs in our Student’s book and centralized testing tasks in 2025 and to look up the meaning of them in the dictionaries;
3. to make a mini-dictionary of phrasal verbs used in the student’s book and in centralized testing in 2025;
4. to find out whether phrasal verbs from the student’s book for the 11th form are found in the centralized testing tasks and make a list of them;
5. to prepare several exercises to practice phrasal verbs on the platform Wordwall.
The research object consisted in all the phrasal verbs taken from the student’s book and from the tasks in centralized testing in 2025.
The research subject was the student’s book for the 11th form and the tasks in centralized testing.
We used such methods of work as synthesis and analysis, classification, generalization and comparison.
The theoretical value of the work is in compiling a mini-dictionary of phrasal verbs taken from the student’s book and used in centralized testing.
The practical value of the research is, firstly, in using our mini-dictionary and practical exercises in order to prepare for centralized testing. And, secondly, it can be used by everyone who works with the student’s book for the 11th form by the authors N.V. Yukhnel, E.G. Naumova and N.V. Demchenko.
1.1 What are phrasal verbs?
First, let's understand what phrasal verbs are.
Many reference books give approximately the same meaning to the concept of phrasal verb. According to Cambridge online dictionary phrasal verb is a phrase that consists of a verb with a preposition or adverb or both, the meaning of which is different from the meaning of its separate parts:
Verb + Preposition: pay for
Verb + Adverb: work out
Verb + Preposition + Adverb: make up for [1]
For example, the verb grow usually means to become larger or increase in amount, but the phrasal verb grow up means to become an adult or start behaving in a mature way, as shown in these examples:
Her hair has grown since September. (grow = increase in length)
She wants to be a doctor when she grows up. (grow up = become an adult)
It's time for her to grow up and start accepting her responsibilities. (grow up = behave in a mature way)
1.2 Phrasal verbs, their properties and classification
In English, phrasal verbs are usually divided into several classifications and types.
First of all, phrasal verbs are divided into transitive and intransitive.
1) Transitive phrasal verbs are distinguished by the fact that they require a direct object. It can stand either after the verb or between the verb and the preposition [2]. It is worth considering several examples:
Liz decided to put off her vacation.
Put your hat on.
I look after the children.
He carried on his work.
He gave up smoking last month.
2) Intransitive phrasal verbs are used without objects [2].
Sarah dropped by to return the book I had lent her.
They get up early in the morning.
I really enjoyed my visit to Italy; I’m planning to go back next summer.
The cat ran away.
She wants to be a doctor when she grows up.
There are two more types of phrasal verbs: separable and inseparable [2].
1) Separable phrasal verbs can be separated by an object that is placed between the verb and the preposition. So the verb and particle can be apart or together:
You should switch off the TV.
You should switch the TV off.
Both versions of the sentence are correct and have the same meaning.
2) Inseparable phrasal verbs cannot be separated for using it in different places in a sentence.
Inseparable phrasal verbs are commonly used with verbs that do not take a direct object.
We all dressed up for the Christmas party.
The phrasal verb to dress up (to dress up, to get dressed) cannot be divided.
Not: We all dressed for the Christmas party up will be incorrect.
I look after the children. Not: I look the children after.
However, if the object is a pronoun, it is always placed between the verb and the preposition - in this case, no exceptions.
Jane took off her dress.
Jane took it off.
So, absolutely all intransitive verbs and several transitive verbs are inseparable phrasal verbs, between whose parts there cannot be an object [2].
Here we note that phrasal verbs of the English language, constructed according to the formula "verb + adverb + preposition", are not divided, i.e. the object is always placed after the phrase.
It’s important to note that certain phrasal verbs can exhibit both separable and inseparable qualities, according to the context. For example, ‘take off’ can function as separable, as in ‘Take your coat off,’ and inseparable, as in ‘The plane is about to take off.’ In the latter case, it becomes intransitive, necessitating the inclusion of an object in the sentence.
Literal or idiomatic phrasal verbs
Phrasal verbs can have two types of meanings: literal, meanings that are easily understood based on the meaning of individual words, and figurative, idiomatic meanings that mean something completely different [3].
- Literal meanings
Phrasal verbs with literal meanings closely resemble the meanings of the individual words they are composed of. Their meaning is easy to understand because it is directly related to the individual meanings of the words.
She looked out of the window.
Here, ‘looked out’ has a literal meaning, indicating a physical action of directing one’s gaze outward.
2. Idiomatic meanings
On the other hand: compound verbs, which we use figuratively rather than literally. Their meaning is rooted in metaphors and imagery, not the literal meaning of the words. Such expressions often convey very subtle nuances of meaning that depend heavily on the context in which they are used, and they can't simply be "broken down" into individual words.
He ran into some problems.
In this case, ‘ran into’ has an idiomatic meaning, signifying an unexpected encounter with difficulties rather than a physical collision.
Summarizing all of the above, it can be noted that the study of phrasal verbs is further complicated by the fact that there is no way to independently determine its type.
1.3 The origin and development of phrasal verbs
Phrasal verbs are an integral part of the English language. They add vibrancy, expressiveness, and, at times, a fair amount of headaches to learners. But where did they come from and how did they develop? Let's find out.
1. Germanic roots. Phrasal verbs originate in Old English, a Germanic language.
Old English already had separable verb-particle combinations similar to those we see today in German and other Germanic languages. This construction allowed for freedom in word order and variability in meaning.
However, after the Norman Conquest in 1066, the English language was heavily influenced by Latin and French. This resulted in the introduction of many new words, often more formal and abstract. As a result, many Old English verbs with prefixes began to be replaced by Latin and French equivalents.
2. Middle English. As the English language evolved into Middle English (c. 1100 to 1500), it underwent significant changes. These include a simplification of the ending system and the influence of Norman French. It was during this time that phrasal verbs became much more widely used, and prepositions were increasingly combined with verbs to form set expressions.
3. By the Early Modern English period, which spanned roughly 1500–1700, phrasal verbs had already become commonplace. Despite the continued influence of Latin and French, phrasal verbs retained their power and became an important feature of the language. They were often heard in everyday conversation and informal discussions. Great writers, such as William Shakespeare, used them extensively in their works, which undoubtedly played a role in their popularity.
4. Continued Evolution. Phrasal verbs demonstrate continuous development in modern English. Their number is constantly growing due to the emergence of new combinations, which is especially noticeable in informal communication and in technology-related language (examples such as "log in" and "sign up" illustrate this well). Today, phrasal verbs are a fundamental part of the English vocabulary, playing a significant role in the formation of idiomatic expressions.
In conclusion, phrasal verbs are not just a random collection of words, but the result of the long and complex evolution of the English language. They are a testament to its Germanic roots, the influence of Latin and French, and its constant pursuit of expressiveness and naturalness. Understanding their history helps us better understand and appreciate the richness and diversity of the English language.
1.4 Why do the English use so many phrasal verbs?
One of the main reasons lies in the history of the English language. English is a Germanic language that has absorbed many influences, including Latin. Phrasal verbs are essentially a way to enrich vocabulary by using existing verbs and adding prepositions or adverbs. This allowed speakers to create new meanings without borrowing complex words from other languages. So, it was an effective and economical way to expand vocabulary.
1. Flexibility and expressiveness
The popularity of phrasal verbs is explained by their ability to flexibly convey various nuances of meaning. For example, the verb "give" acquires different meanings when adding various particles: "give in" means "to yield," "give up" means "to refuse," and "give away" means "to present" or "to give away." This versatility is what makes phrasal verbs so sought after.
2. Conciseness
Phrasal verbs play an important role in the English language, allowing complex concepts to be conveyed concisely. They are often more easily understood by native speakers than their single-word Latin equivalents. Take the word "surrender," for example. Instead, you can use the phrasal verb "give in," which sounds more natural and intuitive for native English speakers.
3. Versatility
The unique feature of phrasal verbs is that they adapt easily to different situations. Simply change a particle, and the meaning can subtly change. It is this versatility that makes them indispensable in everyday communication.
4. Informality and idiomatic usage
Phrasal verbs, which add a casual feel to speech, are widely used in colloquial speech and are an important component of everyday communication.
Summarizing all of the above, we can do the following conclusions: the history of the English language is closely linked to phrasal verbs. They emerged back when the language was just developing from Germanic roots and have since become an integral part of its expressiveness. Their widespread use is explained by their convenience: they can be used to say a lot without resorting to lengthy explanations, while conveying a wide range of meanings in a dynamic manner.
1.5 How to remember phrasal verbs
English boasts a vast collection of phrasal verbs, so attempting to memorize them all at once is an unrealistic goal. A more effective approach is to encounter them naturally, within context. You should pay attention to phrasal verbs while watching videos, reading, listening to music, or engaging in conversations. This immersion will aid in understanding their meaning, developing a sense of their proper usage, and improving retention.
Whenever you encounter a new phrasal verb, write it down. Consult a reliable online dictionary for its definition and example sentences. Organize these verbs in a notebook (and mentally) using various methods.
1. One option is to categorize them by verb. For instance, create a section for phrasal verbs using "come" and add new ones as you discover them. Always include your own example sentence when noting a new phrasal verb. This personal touch will enhance memorability and illustrate its usage.
2. Another helpful technique is to group verbs with particles that share similar meanings. For example, "back" often implies returning (e.g., call back, go back, pay back), while "up" frequently indicates completion (e.g., clean up, eat up, use up).
3. Alternatively, organize phrasal verbs by topic. For example, group those commonly used in daily routines, work, or sports. Write a short paragraph on a specific topic, incorporating as many relevant phrasal verbs as possible. For example: "My alarm goes off at 6:45 a.m. I usually feel sleepy and find it hard to get up, but my morning coffee soon wakes me up."
4. If a phrasal verb doesn't fit neatly into a category, note the context in which you first encountered it. Personalizing them in this way will make them more meaningful and easier to remember.
5. Finally, as with any new grammar or vocabulary, actively use the phrasal verbs you learn in your speaking and writing. This practice will solidify them in your long-term memory.
We can claim that regardless of your chosen method, gradually building a personalized collection of phrasal verbs will undoubtedly be beneficial. They will improve your comprehension of everyday language, foster stronger connections with others, and make your communication more engaging.
Chapter 2. Compilation of a mini - dictionary
2.1 Searching phrasal verbs in the student’s book for the 11th form by the authors N.V.Yukhnel, Ye.G.Naumova, N.V.Demtchenko
Phrasal verbs are a very complex aspect of the English language. After we have studied what phrasal verbs are and what they can be, we began searching for phrasal verbs in the student’s book. After finding them, we sought to find examples of their use in the book. Then we continued to look for their meanings and synonyms. Having completed all the stages, we made a mini-dictionary of the selected phrasal verbs.
We got 151 phrasal verbs used in the student’s book. We also considered their association with the book's units. Therefore, similar to the book, our phrasal verbs are organized into nine units: “Family” (26 phrasal verbs), “Jobs” (21 phrasal verbs), “Environment” (33 phrasal verbs), “Britain, Australia, New Zealand” (8 phrasal verbs), “The USA and Canada” (16 phrasal verbs), “Dot by” (16 phrasal verbs), “Tourism” (15 phrasal verbs), “At home and abroad” (10 phrasal verbs), “National Character” (6 phrasal verbs). Some of the phrasal verbs were used twice or even more times, but we avoided repeating them.
We can assert that the phrasal verbs we found are quite useful and now easier to understand thanks to our mini-dictionary.
2.2 Searching phrasal verbs in the centralized testing tasks in 2025
Then we began searching for phrasal verbs in the tasks of centralized testing in 2025. After finding them, we sought to find examples of their use in the tasks. Then we continued to look for their meanings and synonyms. Having completed all the stages, we compiled a mini-dictionary of the selected phrasal verbs.
We got 84 phrasal verbs used in the tasks of centralized testing in 2025. We found them in part A and part B. Therefore, variant 1 – 14 phrasal verbs, variant 2 – 10, variant 3 – 9, variant 4 – 7, variant 5 – 10, variant 6 – 6, variant 7 – 4, variant 8 – 9, variant 9 – 7, variant 10 – 8.
We didn’t avoid repeating them to find out their frequency of usage. There were 54 unique ones.
Some of the phrasal verbs were used twice or even more times:
2 times were used: to find out, to get up, to give up, to look forward to, to put something down, to set up, to stay up, to throw away, to wake up.
3 times were used: to end up, to go ahead, to look for, to put on.
4 times was used a phrasal verb – to deal with, to focus on, to grow up.
We found 27 phrasal verbs from the student’s book for the 11th form in the centralized testing tasks in 2025. It is 50%. They are:
to care for, to come from, to deal with, to end up, to find out, to focus on, to get on, to get up, to give up, to go back, to go on, to go out, to grow up, to help someone out, to look after, to look for, to look forward to, to move into, to set off, to sign up for, to take into, to take out, to take up, to think of, to throw away, to turn into, to wake up.
We can assert that the phrasal verbs we found are quite useful and now easier to understand and learn in preparation for centralized testing thanks to our mini-dictionary.
Conclusion
The English language is full of phrasal verbs. We hear them in speech and films, we meet them in texts and books. Therefore, they are also found in the centralized testing tasks. This leads to the conclusion that to be proficient in English and in order to pass centralized testing well you need to know phrasal verbs.
That’s why, we aimed to identify and select all phrasal verbs from the student’s book for the 11th form and in the centralized testing tasks in 2025.
Throughout our research, we focused on the following objectives:
1. to learn what phrasal verbs are, their properties and classification;
2. to study the origin and development of phrasal verbs;
3. to learn why the English use so many phrasal verbs and how to remember phrasal verbs;
4. to choose all the phrasal verbs in the student’s book and in the central testing tasks;
5. to look up the meaning of all phrasal verbs in the dictionaries;
6. to make a mini-dictionary of phrasal verbs used in the student’s book for the 11th form;
7. to make a mini-dictionary of phrasal verbs used in central testing;
8. to find out whether phrasal verbs from the student’s book for the 11th form are found in the centralized testing tasks and make a list of them;
9. to prepare several exercises to practice phrasal verbs on the platform Wordwall.
All objectives mentioned above were achieved. During our research we studied the student’s book for the 11th form and found 151 phrasal verbs there. We studied the centralized testing tasks in 2025 and found 84 phrasal verbs there.
We found 27 phrasal verbs from the student’s book for the 11th form used in the centralized testing tasks in 2025.It is 50%.
We made a mini-dictionary showing all the examples of the usage of these 151 phrasal verbs from the book and a mini-dictionary of 84 phrasal verbs used in centralized testing in 2025.
Meanings and synonyms were taken from different dictionaries of phrasal verbs: Online Cambridge dictionary and Online Collins dictionary.
List of literature
1. Online Cambridge dictionary. https://dictionary.cambridge.org/
2. https://learnenglish.britishcouncil.org/grammar/c1-grammar/word-order-phrasal-verbs
3. https://www.myenglishpages.com/grammar-lesson-phrasal-verbs/
4. Online Collins dictionary. https://www.collinsdictionary.com
5. English 11. Student’s book. By the authors N.V. Yukhnel, Ye. G. Naumova, N.V. Demtchenko. – M.: Higher school, 2019
6. https://learnenglish.britishcouncil.org/english-levels/improve-your-english-level/phrasal-verbs-why-theyre-good-know-how-learn-them
7. Английский язык. Централизованный экзамен. Централизованное тестирование. – Минск: Аверсэв, 2025
Appendix1
Phrasal verbs for Unit 1 “Family” (26 verbs)
|
Phrasal verb
|
Examples from Student’s book
|
Meanings/synonyms
|
|
to brighten up
|
…that would brighten up anyone’s day
|
Осчастливить/to become happier, or to make someone become happier:
|
|
to carry on
|
I plan carrying on this tradition …
|
Продолжать делать что-либо/ to continue doing something
|
|
to check out
|
We go check out some new spot at least once a week.
|
Проверять/ to go to a place in order to see what it is like
|
|
to end up
|
…it usually ends up in everyone dancing.
|
Заканчиваться/ to achieve a situation after other activities
|
|
to fill in
|
…fill in the gaps with singular and plural.
|
Вписать информацию / to write the necessary information on an official document
|
|
to get into something
|
…how every time I get into trouble…
|
Попасть в неприятности/ to (cause someone to) become involved in a difficult situation, often without intending to
|
|
to get on
|
I have three siblings and we get on really well.
|
Ладить, иметь хорошие отношения/ to have a good relationship
|
|
to give up
|
Who is planning to give up the tradition?
|
Бросить, перестать делать чтo-либо/ to stop trying to do something
|
|
to go on
|
There was always a lot going on…
|
Происходить/to happen
|
|
to grow up
|
Where did you grow up?
|
Вырасти, повзрослеть/ to gradually become an adult
|
|
to hang around
|
Children are often left to hang around aimlessly…
|
Околачиваться, тусоваться /to wait or spend time somewhere, usually for no particular reason
|
|
to help someone out
|
…it’s him looking down at me helping me out.
|
Помогать, выручать/ to do work for someone or provide the person with something that is needed
|
|
to keep on
|
…when you keep on crying whole night
|
Продолжать/ to continue to talk in an annoying way about something
|
|
to look back
|
Who looks back at significant year’s events?
|
Вспоминать/ to remember
|
|
to look through
|
Look through the comments again.
|
Просмотреть, прочитать что-либо быстро/ to examine or read something quickly
|
|
to move out
|
All six girls moved out soon after they turned 18.
|
Выехать, переехать/ to leave a place where you have lived or worked in order to go somewhere else
|
|
to note down
|
Read the words and note down the stress.
|
Записывать/ to write something so that you do not forget it
|
|
to pass away
|
He passed away a year go…
|
Умереть/ to die
|
|
to pick out
|
Pick out the words from the text…
|
Выбирать/to choose someone or something from a group of people or things
|
|
to plan out
|
Plan it out, first
|
Планировать/ to think about and decide what you are going to do or how you are going to do something
|
|
to read out
|
Read out your definitions.
|
Читать громко вслух/ to read something and say the words aloud so that other people can hear
|
|
to take in
|
There are many cases in which animals take in cubs that don’t belong to them…
|
Забирать к себе домой/ to allow somebody to stay in your home
|
|
to take out
|
…they take you out for dinner.
|
Пригласить на ужин /to go with someone to a restaurant, theater, performance, etc. and pay for everything
|
|
to turn down
|
Which ones would your family turn down?
|
Отказаться/to reject or refuse to consider an offer, a proposal, etc. or the person who makes it
|
|
to watch over
|
…she would always be around to watch over us…
|
Присматривать за кем-либо/to look after someone and protect them if it is necessary
|
|
to write down
|
Write down any other numbers you hear and what they mean.
|
Записывать/to write something on a piece of paper so that you do not forget it
|
Phrasal verbs for Unit 2 “Jobs” (21 verbs)
|
Phrasal verb
|
Examples from Student’s book
|
Meanings/synonyms
|
|
to bring back
|
...we bring a patient back from the brink of death.
|
Вернуть кого-либо/ to return somebody/something
|
|
to build up
|
Social life is important in building up your confidence and communicative skills.
|
Укреплять, строить, наращивать/to become greater, more powerful or larger in number
|
|
to come out
|
Coming out of college nurses have good employment prospects...
|
Выходить, выпускаться из колледжа/ to be removed from a place
|
|
to come up with
|
I wonder what ideas they’ll come up with in the future.
|
Найти ответ/ to find or produce an answer, a sum of money, etc.
|
|
to come upon
|
…he came upon an eating place which was so clean and cool…
|
Найти что-то случайно/наткнуться/ to meet or find somebody/something by chance
|
|
to deal with
|
In my job I deal with clients...
|
Иметь дело с кем-либо/to do business with a person, a company or an organization
|
|
to figure out
|
When you are trying to figure out what college to choose…
|
Понимать, вычислять/to think about somebody/something until you understand them/it
|
|
to find out
|
… to find out the truth…
|
Выяснить/ to get some information about something/somebody by asking, reading, etc.
|
|
to fish out
|
Bicycle fishers in Amsterdam fish out rusty bikes from canals.
|
Выловить, достать/ to take or pull something/somebody out of a place
|
|
to look for
|
…if I had looked for a job with a sense of security.
|
Искать/ to search for someone or something
|
|
to look forward to
|
… you will look forward to the trip.
|
Ждать с нетерпением/ to feel pleased and excited about something that is going to happen
|
|
to open up
|
…she decided to open up a business of her own…
|
Открыть/начать бизнес/ to start a new business
|
|
to put in
|
It’s not the hours you put in your work…
|
Вкладываться/ to spend a lot of time or make a lot of effort doing something
|
|
to run out
|
The game stops when one of the teams runs out of ideas.
|
Использовать все, закончиться/ to use up or finish a supply of something
|
|
to take up
|
…I would take up a new hobby.
|
Взяться за новое хобби, занятие/ to start doing a particular job or activity
|
|
to talk out of
|
Their parents should have talked them out of it.
|
Разубеждать, отговорить/to persuade somebody/yourself to do/not to do something
|
|
to think of
|
Think of three jobs…
|
Придумать, вообразить/to imagine an actual or a possible situation
|
|
to turn into
|
…to turn their ideas into reality.
|
Превращать / to change or develop into something different
|
|
to turn out
|
…but it turns out that I didn’t.
|
Обернуться, оказываться/to be discovered to be; to prove to be
|
|
to wake up
|
Knocker-uppers used to wake up people on time for their job.
|
Будить/ to stop sleeping
|
|
to wipe off
|
One who throws paint on canvas, wipes it off with a cloth…
|
Убирать, вытирать/ to remove something from something
|
Phrasal verbs for Unit 3 “Environment” (33 verbs)
|
Phrasal verb
|
Examples from Student’s book
|
Meanings/synonyms
|
|
to act out
|
Act out.
|
Разыгрывать/to act a part in a real situation
|
|
to add up
|
It all adds up.
|
Увеличивать понемногу, складывать/to increase by small amounts until there is a large total
|
|
to break down
|
Many plastic bags can take up to 500 years to break down when buried.
|
Распадаться/to make a substance separate into parts or change into a different form in a chemical process
|
|
to call somebody up
|
People called us up…
|
Сделать звонок, позвонить кому-либо/to make a phone call to somebody
|
|
to carry out
|
Are some actions easier to carry out than others.
|
Выполнить/to do or complete something, especially something that you have said you would do or that you have been told to do
|
|
to cheer up
|
Decide which of the actions above would cheer up the world
|
Развеселить, приободрить/to make someone feel happier
|
|
to clean off
|
It costs around $150 million to clean gum off the UK streets.
|
Отчистить/ to remove something from something by brushing, rubbing, etc.
|
|
to clean up
|
…it costs $150million to clean up.
|
Убирать/to remove dirt, etc. from somewhere
|
|
to come back
|
… I come back alive?
|
Вернуться/ to return to a place
|
|
to cross out
|
Why is one of the sentences crossed out?
|
Вычеркивать/to draw a line through a word, usually because it is wrong
|
|
to cut down
|
The cutting down of trees…
|
Рубить/to make something fall down by cutting it at the base
|
|
to cut out
|
The Pyramids are still in the Earth waiting to be cut out and put up.
|
Вырезать/to remove something from something larger by cutting, usually with scissors0
|
|
to drink something away
|
I dream my life away.
|
Мечтать, тратить время впустую мечтая/ to waste time just thinking about things you would like to do without actually doing anything
|
|
to focus on
|
…but moved at some point to focus on people and the human…
|
Сфокусироваться на чем-либо /to give a lot of attention to one particular subject or thing
|
|
to get back
|
…get your own back.
|
Возвращаться, получать назад/to return, especially to your home
|
|
to get up
|
When you get up in the morning…
|
Вставать /to get out of bed; to make somebody get out of bed
|
|
to go off
|
Stay on the Path. Don’t go off it.
|
Уйти/ to leave a place, especially in order to do something
|
|
to go out
|
…to allow a substance to go out.
|
Выйти, покинуть/to leave a place
|
|
to go up
|
If the world temperature goes up…
|
Подниматься (о цене, температуре)/if the price of something, the temperature, etc. goes up, it becomes higher
synonym rise
|
|
to grow out of
|
What do you do with the clothes you grow out of them?
|
Вырасти из одежды, перерасти/ to become too big to fit into a piece of clothing
|
|
to kill off
|
….and humans could soon be responsible for killing them off forever.
|
Уничтожить/to make a lot of plants, animals, etc. die
|
|
to put up
|
The Pyramids are still in the Earth waiting to be cut out and put up.0
|
Построить/to build something or place something somewhere
|
|
to run away
|
…I might be here now running away from the results.
|
Сбежать/ to secretly leave a place because you are unhappy there
|
|
to run off
|
…he runs off the Path…
|
Сбежать/ to leave somewhere unexpectedly
|
|
to slow down
|
…there is little chance for climate to slow down…
|
Замедляться/If someone slows down, they become less active:
|
|
to take back
|
“Can’t we take it back..?
|
Возвращать/to return something to the place you borrowed or bought it from
|
|
to take in
|
The main way carbon dioxide is taken in…
|
Проникать, поступать/to absorb something into the body, for example by breathing or swallowing
|
|
to take up
|
Many plastic bags can take up to 500 years to break down when buried.
|
Занимать количество времни/to fill or use an amount of space or time
|
|
to think up
|
… think up a new way to use it.
|
Придумать, выдумать, сочинить/ to create something in your mind
|
|
to throw away
|
…consume and throw away things.
|
Выбрасывать/to get rid of something that you do not want any more
|
|
to turn off
|
Turn off unnecessary lights.
|
Выключить/to stop the flow of electricity, gas, water, etc. by moving a switch, button, etc
|
|
to turn on
|
Do you turn on your computer?
|
Включать/ to start the flow of electricity, gas, water, etc. by moving a switch, button, etc.
|
|
to use up
|
A TV, Video, DVD on standby still use up electricity.
|
Израсходовать, истратить, истощать/ to use all of something so that there is none left
|
Phrasal verbs for Unit 4 “Britain, Australia, New Zealand” (8 verbs)
|
Phrasal verb
|
Examples from Student’s book
|
Meanings/synonyms
|
|
to come from
|
The name “Australia” comes from…
|
Происходить из/to start in a particular place or be produced from a particular thing
|
|
to dream up
|
Dreamt up by ex-record producer Tim Smit…
|
Выдумывать, фантазировать, придумывать/to have an idea, especially a very unusual or silly one
|
|
to drop off
|
…which drop off into the Atlantic Ocean.
|
Попадать, доставлять/ to take someone or something to a particular place
|
|
to get away from
|
…or got away from drought conditions at home.
|
Сбежать/to escape from somebody or a place
|
|
to go beyond something
|
Today Anzak Day goes beyond the anniversary of the landing on Gallipoli...
|
Выйти за рамки чего-либо/to be more than something
|
|
to go into
|
…why do people go into volunteering?
|
Вступить в организацию/to join an organization, especially in order to have a career in it
|
|
to go on
|
The ability to go on …
|
Продолжать/to continue
|
|
to stand for
|
What does ANZAK stand for?
|
Обозначать, быть аббревиатурой/to be an abbreviation or symbol of something
|
Phrasal verbs for Unit 5 “The USA and Canada” (16 verbs)
|
Phrasal verb
|
Examples from Student’s book
|
Meanings/synonyms
|
|
to bring together
|
…festivals bring together generations…
|
Объединить /to help people or groups to become friendly or to do something together,
|
|
to chop down
|
…didn’t really chop down a cherry tree.
|
Рубить /to make something, such as a tree, fall by cutting it at the base with a sharp tool
|
|
to come along
|
You should come along with me.
|
Идти вместе /to go somewhere with somebody
|
|
to come down
|
…came down to investigate…
|
Спуститься /to come from one place to another, usually from the north of a country to the south, or from a larger place to a smaller one
|
|
to come over (from)
|
…the first waves of settlers came over from Europe.
|
Прийти /to travel from one place to another, usually over a long distance
|
|
to fight back (against something/somebody)
|
African Americans tried to fight back against racial…
|
Дать отпор /to resist strongly or attack somebody who has attacked you
|
|
to give (something) up (to somebody)
|
…Rosa Park refused to give up her seat… for a white passenger.
|
Уступить /to hand something over to somebody else
|
|
to go towards
|
…go towards making it accessible for wheelchairs.
|
Использоваться как часть оплаты/to be used as part of the payment for something
|
|
to improve upon
|
…but the majority of them were finally able to improve upon their former standard of living.
|
Улучшать /to achieve or produce something that is of a better quality than something else
|
|
to light up
|
And each of them is brilliantly lit up at night.
|
Зажигать /to become or to make something become bright with light or color
|
|
to make up
|
It is made up of 50 states…
|
Составлять количество чего-либо /to complete a number or an amount required
|
|
to pass through
|
…a section of the Rideau Canal passing through central Ottawa.
|
Проходить через/ to go through a town, etc
|
|
to read out
|
…read out clues…
|
Зачитать что-либо вслух/to read something using your voice, especially to other people
|
|
to sit down
|
…so they could sit down…
|
Сесть/to move from a standing position to a sitting position
|
|
to speed up
|
… we will be able to speed up that day…
|
Ускориться/to move or happen faster; to make something move or happen faster
|
|
to turn up
|
A resent Internet search for “American Culture” turned up more than 47 categories!
|
Выявить, обнаружить/to find something by chance
|
Phrasal verbs for Unit 6 “Dot by” (16 verbs)
|
Phrasal verb
|
Examples from Student’s book
|
Meanings/synonyms
|
|
to be named after
|
…have been named after Maksim Bogdanovich.
|
Быть названным в честь кого-то или чего-то/ to give someone or something the same name as another person or thing
|
|
to burn down
|
…in 1706 burned down by the Swedes.
|
Быть разрушенным огнем, быть сожженным/ to be destroyed, or to destroy something, by fire
|
|
to care for
|
Have you ever mowed to care for somebody?
|
Заботиться о ком-либо/ to protect someone or something and provide the things they need, especially someone who is young, old, or ill
|
|
to come out
|
On Christmas Eve witches and ghosts come out of their home.
|
Появиться, выйти/ to appear; to move into full view
|
|
to dress up (as somebody/something)
|
You can dress up as knight or a lady of the Middle Ages.
|
Нарядиться кем-либо / to put on special clothes, especially to pretend to be somebody/something different
|
|
to eat out
|
Eating out has grown in popularity…
|
Кушать в ресторане/ to eat in a restaurant
|
|
to free up something
|
…to free up more time for your weekend….
|
Освободить, сделать доступным/ to make something available to be used
|
|
to get out of
|
Get out of bed at the same time ..
|
Прекратить определенную привычку, перестать делать что-либо/ to stop having a particular habit
|
|
to go back
|
Its origins go back to the Iron Age.
|
Восходить(брать начало) к определенному времени или периоду/ to have existed since a particular time or for a particular period
|
|
to hand over to
|
...the whole Dover Castle was handed over to the Ministry of Works …
|
Передать, отдать кому-либо/to give something to someone else
|
|
to look after
|
Some dacha owners look after the flowers…
|
Ухаживать за кем-либо или чем-либо/ to take care of or be in charge of someone or something
|
|
to marry off
|
When she was twelve her parents planned to marry her off to one of the princes…
|
Выдать замуж, женить/to find a husband or wife for somebody, especially your daughter or son
|
|
to take after
|
Who took the hobby after her family member?
|
Быть похожим на кого-то из семьи, пойти по стопам /to be similar to an older member of your family in appearance or character
|
|
to take off
|
…take your shoes off…
|
Снимать/to remove something, especially clothes
|
|
to take out
|
…that Lawrence Robert first took out incorporation papers…
|
Оформить какой-то документ/to arrange to get something from a company, bank
|
|
to wipe out
|
For example World War 2 wiped out about one third of the country population…
|
Разрушить/to destroy or remove somebody/something completely
|
Phrasal verbs for Unit 7 “Tourism” (15 verbs)
|
Phrasal verb
|
Examples from Student’s book
|
Meanings/synonyms
|
|
to brush up on
|
It’s never too late to brush up on your language skills…
|
Улучшить свои знания, навыки/ to quickly improve a skill, especially when you have not used it for a time
|
|
to cut something short
|
…and maybe even cause you to cut your trip short.
|
Внезапно остановить/ to stop something suddenly before it is completed
|
|
to die out
|
…to slowly die out…
|
Вымирать, перестать существовать/to stop existing
|
|
to let somebody down
|
…that’s let you down…
|
Подвести кого-либо/to make somebody/something less successful than they/it should be
|
|
to live out
|
…he was able to live out his dream.
|
Проживать жизнь определенным образом/ to spend your life or the remaining part of your life in a particular way
|
|
to move into
|
…their ten children moved into their new house.
|
Переехать, начать жить в новом доме/to start to live in your new home
|
|
to pass out
|
…above the ground would make me pass out.
|
Упасть в обморок/to become unconscious
|
|
to plough through
|
…who will help you to plough through this information overload.
|
Пробираться через что-либо / to make slow progress through something difficult or boring
|
|
to set off
|
…before you set off can put everything right.
|
Отправиться в поездку/to start on a trip
|
|
to show up
|
…the ghost is believed to show up to warn about the dangers…
|
Появляться, приходить/to appear or be seen
|
|
to stress out
|
…it’s better to go to stamping grounds other than stress out somewhere you won’t feel safe.
|
Очень нервничать, беспокоиться/to make someone feel very nervous and worried
|
|
to summon up
|
…he summoned up the courage to tell his father he didn’t want to become a priest.
|
Собираться с духом, силами/ to make a feeling, an idea, a memory, etc. come into your mind
|
|
to take into
account
|
…you have to take into account…
|
Учитывать/to consider particular facts, circumstances, etc. when making a decision about something
|
|
to think back
|
The boy thought back to that conversation with his father…
|
Мысленно возвращаться к чему-либо/ to remember something that happened in the past
|
|
to wind up
|
…, they wind up thinking …
|
Окончить, оказаться/ to end, or to make an activity end
|
Phrasal verbs for Unit 8 “At home and abroad” (10 verbs)
|
Phrasal verb
|
Examples from Student’s book
|
Meanings/synonyms
|
|
to carry out
|
…participants will carry out service projects…
|
Выполнять, исполнять/to do and complete a task
|
|
to go off
|
Lek shouted and went off…
|
Уходить, отправляться/to leave a place and go somewhere else
|
|
to lie down
|
…and lying down.
|
Ложиться, прилечь/to move into a position in which your body is flat, usually in order to sleep or rest
|
|
to pass on
|
…or passed on from generation to generation.
|
Передать кому-то/to give something to somebody else, especially after receiving it or using it yourself
|
|
to pick up
|
… and maybe even pick up a new skill.
|
Приобрести, получить навык либо информацию/to get information or a skill by chance rather than by making a deliberate effort
|
|
to put something into
|
…put something into use, operation or a place for the first time.
|
Вкладываться/ to spend a lot of time or effort doing something:
|
|
to set out
|
…when setting out on this cultural adventure.
|
Намереваться, собираться/to begin a job, task, etc. with a particular aim or goal
|
|
to sign up for
|
…you could just sign up for a foreign language class.
|
Записаться на курс/to arrange to do a course of study by adding your name to the list of people doing it
|
|
to stand out
|
The concert Night in the Metro stands out both by the venue and time.
|
Выделяется/to be easily seen or noticed
|
|
to stay out
|
…if your own children can’t stay out after 10 p.m.
|
Не возвращаться домой, гулять допоздна/to continue to be outdoors or away from your house at night
|
Phrasal verbs for Unit 9 “National character” (6 verbs)
|
Phrasal verb
|
Examples from Student’s book
|
Meanings/synonyms
|
|
to call somebody out
|
…, where one day an old man called me out to his home.
|
Попросить зайти домой/to ask someone to come in order to do a job, especially when it is an emergency
|
|
to get through
|
…most British people can’t get through the day without several cups of tea…
|
Закончить, доделать/to manage to do or complete something
|
|
to keep up
|
…to keep up a standard.
|
Продолжать без изменений/ to continue without stopping or changing, or to continue something without allowing it to stop or change
|
|
to put yourself out
|
…and will always put themselves out for us.
|
Помочь, выручить/ to make an effort to do something to help someone, even if it is not convenient
|
|
to spit something out
|
Just spit it out.
|
Выкладывать, быстро что-то сказать/ to say something quickly and angrily
|
|
to sum up
|
…as I only sum up what others wrote on the Internet.
|
Резюмировать, суммировать/to describe briefly the important facts or characteristics of something or someone
|
Appendix2
Phrasal verbs for Variant 1 (14 verbs)
|
Phrasal verb
|
Examples
|
Meanings/synonyms
|
|
to date back
|
…is home to many ancient oaks trees dating back more than five hundred years
|
Датироваться, восходить к, брать начало/ to have existed since a particular time in the past or for the length of time mentioned
|
|
to deal with
|
He found it difficult to deal with one judge’s decisions.
|
Справиться, попробовать решить проблему/ to take action in order to achieve something or in order to solve a problem
|
|
to focus on
|
…find themselves entirely focused on their devices…
|
Сфокусироваться на чем-либо/ to give a lot of attention to one particular person, subject, or thing
|
|
to get off
|
… and woke up just in time to get off at her destination.
|
Выйти из автобуса, поезда, самолета и т.д./ to leave a train, bus, or aircraft
|
|
to go ahead
|
No, go ahead.
|
Давай, вперед/ said to someone in order to give them permission to start to do something
|
|
to go out
|
But they still had to go out in search of them.
|
Выходить из дома/ to leave a room or building, especially in order to do something for entertainment
|
|
to grow up
|
…that I wanted to be a tennis champion when I grew up..
|
Повзрослеть, вырасти/ become an adult
|
|
to look after
|
Could you look after yourself…?
|
Присматривать, ухаживать/ to take care of or be in charge of someone or something
|
|
to look for
|
Why not to look for a model that’s cheap enough to meet his needs?
|
Искать/ to search for someone or something
|
|
to miss out on
|
…missing out on real-life activities, like spending time with family…
|
Пропустить, не использовать или не иметь возможность сделать что-либо/ to not use or to not have an opportunity to experience something good
|
|
to set up
|
Farming organisations have been set up in African countries…
|
Создать, организовать/ to create or arrange something
|
|
to stay away from
|
He stays away from players who behave badly.
|
Держаться подальше, не приближаться, оставаться в стороне, а также избегать чего-либо или кого-либо/to not go near or become involved with someone; to avoid something that will have a bad effect on you
|
|
to take into
|
…, the budget was taken into consideration.
|
Обдумать тщательно/ to think carefully about a particular fact when deciding or judging something
|
|
to wake up
|
…and woke up just in time to get off at her destination.
|
Просыпаться, пробуждаться; / to start to feel more lively, or to make someone feel more lively
|
Phrasal verbs for Variant 2 (10 verbs)
|
Phrasal verb
|
Examples
|
Meanings/synonyms
|
|
to end up
|
…and end up buying more than we were planned.
|
Закончить, закончится, оказаться в определенном месте или ситуации/ to finally be in a particular place or situation
|
|
to fall out with
|
Lisa fell out with her co-workers…
|
Ссориться/ to argue with someone and stop being friendly with them
|
|
to fill up
|
…fill up our trolleys.
|
Наполнять что-либо/to make something completely full
|
|
to focus on
|
So we need to focus on our stopping it and protecting animals.
|
Сфокусироваться на чем-либо/ to give a lot of attention to one particular person, subject, or thing
|
|
to get up
|
The babysitter made the bed after the children got up.
|
Проснуться и встать с кровати/ to wake up and get out of bed
|
|
to give up
|
…a lot of young people give up their lessons after a few months…
|
Бросить, прекратить делать что-либо/to stop doing something before you have finished it, usually because it is too difficult
|
|
to line up
|
…there are ten thousand books lined up on the shelves…
|
Выстроиться в линию/ to stand in a line
|
|
to put on
|
…put on weight.
|
Потолстеть, набрать вес/ to become heavier, especially by the amount mentioned
|
|
to stay up
|
The babysitter did not stay up late.
|
Не ложиться спать/ not to go to bed
|
|
to throw away
|
… they are thrown away without actually being used.
|
Выбрасывать/ to get rid of something by treating it as garbage
|
Phrasal verbs for Variant 3 (9 verbs)
|
Phrasal verb
|
Examples
|
Meanings/synonyms
|
|
to ask for
|
… asking for eggs…
|
Спрашивать, просить/ to speak or write to someone because you want them to give you something
|
|
to deal with
|
… deal with difficult times
|
Справиться, попробовать решить проблему/ to take action in order to achieve something or in order to solve a problem.
|
|
to end up
|
…, most of which ended up in landfills.
|
Закончить, закончиться, оказаться в определенном месте или ситуации/ to finally be in a particular place or situation
|
|
to focus on
|
Sometimes, we focus on what we haven’t done…
|
Сфокусироваться на чем-либо/ to give a lot of attention to one particular person, subject, or thing
|
|
to go back
|
The relationship between birds and human beings goes back a very long way…
|
Восходить, брать начало в определенном времени в прошлом/ to have existed since a time in the past
|
|
to grow up
|
…Ana Ronson grew up in Ireland.
|
Повзрослеть, вырасти/ become an adult
|
|
to lead off
|
…she was so nervous that her teacher had to lead her off the stage.
|
Увести, уйти/ to start at a place and go away from it
|
|
to put on
|
She offered to help her put on the concert
|
Организовать концерт, представление/ to produce or present a play, a show, etc
|
|
to throw away
|
…while major brands offer their customers such cheap clothes that they can be worn two or three times and then throw away.
|
Выбрасывать/to get rid of something you do not want any more
|
Phrasal verbs for Variant 4 (7 verbs)
|
Phrasal verb
|
Examples
|
Meanings/synonyms
|
|
to end up
|
…could end up saving someone’s life.
|
Закончить, закончится, оказаться в определенном месте или ситуации/ to finally be in a particular place or situation
|
|
to fall out with
|
Linda fell out with her parents…
|
Ссориться/ to argue with someone and stop being friendly with them
|
|
to hand in
|
The papers were handed in.
|
Собрать что-либо, передать ответственному лицу/ to give something to a person in authority, especially a piece of work or something that is lost
|
|
to put on
|
…what clothes to put on in the morning.
|
Надевать/to cover part of the body with clothes, shoes, make-up
|
|
to think of
|
If you think of the jobs robots could never do…
|
Придумать какую-то новую идею/ to produce a new idea or plan
|
|
to wake up
|
Consider the difference between waking up on a bright, sunny morning…
|
Просыпаться, пробуждаться; / to start to feel more lively, or to make someone feel more lively
|
|
to work out
|
We learn how to work out complicated problems in our m
Maths classes.
|
Отрабатывать/ to understand something or to find the answer to something by thinking about it
|
Phrasal verbs for Variant 5 (10 verbs)
|
Phrasal verb
|
Examples
|
Meanings/synonyms
|
|
to deal with
|
…they would deal with bad weather.
|
Иметь дело с, справляться/to solve a problem, perform a task
|
|
to fall out with somebody
|
Alice fell out with her roommate…
|
Ссориться/to have an argument with somebody so that you are no longer friendly with them
|
|
to go on
|
It first went on sale in 1999 in Japan.
|
Появиться, выйти/to appear
|
|
to look for
|
…the teachers walked from door to door looking for children…
|
Искать/to try to notice someone or something
|
|
to look forward to
|
I was also looking forward to telling everyone …
|
Ждать с нетерпением/to be thinking with pleasure about something that is going to happen (because you expect to enjoy it)
|
|
to send off
|
They send off identical CVs regardless of the post.
|
Отправлять сто-либо почтой/to send something to a place by post
|
|
to set off
|
…we joined the group, paced our limited supplies into small boats and set off.
|
Отправиться в поездку/to start on a trip
|
|
to show up
|
…they find it difficult to show up punctually for a job interview…
|
Приходить (неформально) прибыть туда, где вы договорились встретиться с кем-то или что-то сделать/to arrive where you have arranged to meet somebody or do something
|
|
to sign up
|
I have taken a risk and signed up for a marathon…
|
Зарегистрироваться, записаться /to arrange to do a course of study by adding your name to the list of people doing it
|
|
to stay up
|
Her parents have allowed her to stay up late.
|
Не ложиться спать/to go to bed later than usual
|
Phrasal verbs for Variant 6 (6 verbs)
|
Phrasal verb
|
Examples
|
Meanings/synonyms
|
|
to come from
|
Both chocolate and cocoa come from the fruit of the cacao tree.
|
Происходить от кого-л., чего-л.; быть родом (откуда-нибудь) / to be born, got from, or made in a particular place
|
|
to fill someone/something with something
|
The science museum was filled with hundreds of interactive exhibits…
|
Быть наполненным/ to cause a person, place, or period of time to have a lot of something
|
|
to get onto
|
…who are willing to stand in a queue for hours waiting to get onto the latest ride.
|
Попасть, сесть в автобус, поезд и т.д./ to go onto a bus, train, aircraft, or boat
|
|
to go ahead
|
Sure, go ahead.
|
Давай, вперед/ said to someone in order to give them permission to start to do something
|
|
to show somebody around something
|
…by showing them around the office and introducing them to the team.
|
Быть гидом/ to be a guide for somebody when they visit a place for the first time to show them what is interesting
|
|
to turn into
|
…where they are turned into many sweets and cakes.
|
Превратиться, стать/ to change or develop from one thing to another
|
Phrasal verbs for Variant 7 (4 verbs)
|
Phrasal verb
|
Examples
|
Meanings/synonyms
|
|
to come in
|
…it would be a good idea for parents to come in…
|
Войти, зайти/ to enter a room or building
|
|
to find out
|
So she asked me to come to her work and find out more about it.
|
Понять, узнавать, обнаруживать / to discover a fact or piece of information
|
|
to give up
|
The team didn’t give up, however.
|
Бросить, прекратить делать что-либо/to stop doing something before you have finished it, usually because it is too difficult
|
|
to think about
|
Some of my friends have started thinking about becoming librarians now.
|
Обдумать, решить/ to consider somebody/something when you are doing or planning something
|
Phrasal verbs for Variant 8 (9 verbs)
|
Phrasal verb
|
Examples
|
Meanings/synonyms
|
|
to care for
|
Where they could be cared for and cherished by the family.
|
Заботиться, защищать/to protect someone or something and provide the things they need, especially someone who is young, old, or ill
|
|
to fit in with something
|
The school day usually fits in with the working hours of parents…
|
Совпадать/ If one activity or event fits in with another, they exist or happen together in a way that is convenient.
|
|
to focus on
|
…they can have difficulty focusing on subjects at school.
|
Сфокусироваться на чем-либо/ to give a lot of attention to one particular person, subject, or thing
|
|
to get up
|
Teenagers are suffering at school because they get up too late.
|
Проснуться и встать с кровати/ to wake up and get out of bed
|
|
to go through
|
…that because of changes the human body goes through during the day…
|
Проживать, проходить через, испытывать/ to experience or suffer something
|
|
to look out
|
to watch what is happening and be careful
|
Быть осторожным/ used to warn somebody to be careful, especially when there is danger
|
|
to move in
|
…they began to work and move in with their employers.
|
Переехать в новое место/ to go to a different place and begin to live or work there
|
|
to set up
|
Roosegaarde is planning to set up 800 of his giant air purifiers in parks all over China…
|
Создать, организовать/ to create or arrange something
|
|
to switch off
|
…while watching a film at the cinema or forget to switch off their mobile in the theatre…
|
Выключить/ to cause (a device) to stop operating by or as if by moving a switch, knob, or lever; turn off
|
Phrasal verbs for Variant 9 (7 verbs)
|
Phrasal verb
|
Examples
|
Meanings/synonyms
|
|
to deal with
|
It’s often how we deal with the world around us.
|
Справиться, попробовать решить проблему/ to take action in order to achieve something or in order to solve a problem
|
|
to find out
|
If you go to the UK, you will be surprised to find out that a town’s high street is not always the most important place in town…
|
Понять, узнавать, обнаруживать / to discover a fact or piece of information
|
|
to grow up
|
We have grown up with this technology.
|
Повзрослеть, вырасти/ become an adult
|
|
to put something down
|
…when it’s time to put the phone down and do some exercices.
|
Положить что-либо/ to stop holding something and place it on a table, shelf, etc
|
|
to send something back
|
He kept sending them back to be cooked again.
|
Отправлять назад/ to return something to the person who sent it to you
|
|
to take out
|
Are you going to take out the rubbish?
|
Достать/ to remove something or someone
|
|
to take up
|
I have taken up swimming…
|
Взяться за новое хобби, занятие/ to start doing a particular job or activity
|
Phrasal verbs for Variant 10 (8 verbs)
|
Phrasal verb
|
Examples
|
Meanings/synonyms
|
|
to blend into something
|
…which help them blend into the rocky shores…
|
Сливаться с чем-либо/ to look or seem the same as surrounding people or things and therefore not be easily noticeable
|
|
to fall out
|
…and will start to fall out when we are 5 or 6 years old.
|
Ссориться/ to argue with someone and stop being friendly with them
|
|
to go ahead
|
No, go ahead.
|
Давай, вперед/ said to someone in order to give them permission to start to do something
|
|
to grow up
|
…so I grew up hearing and slowly learning both.
|
Повзрослеть, вырасти/ become an adult
|
|
to help out
|
And the German teacher often invites me into her conversation classes to help out, which I really enjoy.
|
Помочь в трудной ситуации, выручить / If you help out, you do a part of someone's work or give someone money
|
|
to look for
|
… when you start looking for a job.
|
Искать/ to search for someone or something
|
|
to look forward to
|
I’m looking forward to breaking the world’s record…
|
Ждать с нетерпением/ to feel pleased and excited about something that is going to happen
|
|
to put something down
|
In fact, he put his longevity down to his active lifestyle.
|
Объяснять что-либо чем-либо/ to think that a problem or situation is caused by a particular thing
|
Appendix3
List of phrasal verbs from the student’s book for the 11th form used in centralized testing in 2025
|
1
|
to care for
|
|
2
|
to come from
|
|
3
|
to end up
|
|
4
|
to fall out
|
|
5
|
to find out
|
|
6
|
to focus on
|
|
7
|
to get up
|
|
8
|
to give up
|
|
9
|
to go ahead
|
|
10
|
to go on
|
|
11
|
to go out
|
|
12
|
to grow up
|
|
13
|
to look for
|
|
14
|
to look forward to
|
|
15
|
to miss out on
|
|
16
|
to move in
|
|
17
|
to put on
|
|
18
|
to set off
|
|
19
|
to set up
|
|
20
|
to sign up
|
|
21
|
to switch off
|
|
22
|
to take out
|
|
23
|
to take up
|
|
24
|
to think of
|
|
25
|
to turn into
|
|
26
|
to wake up
|
|
27
|
to work out
|
Appendix4
The frequency of phrasal verbs use in centralized testing in 2025
|
2 times were used
|
to find out,
to get up,
to give up,
to look forward to,
to put something down,
to set up, to stay up,
to throw away,
to wake up.
|
|
3 times were used
|
to end up,
to go ahead,
to look for,
to put on.
|
|
4 times were used
|
to deal with,
to focus on,
to grow up.
|
The rest of the phrasal verbs were used one time.
Appendix5
Practice of phrasal verbs used in the centralized testing in 2025
We have prepared several exercises to practice phrasal verbs on the platform Wordwall. Follow the link and practice.
https://wordwall.net/resource/98099254
https://wordwall.net/resource/100025536
https://wordwall.net/resource/100024405
https://wordwall.net/resource/100274866
https://wordwall.net/resource/100276391
https://wordwall.net/resource/100278097
https://wordwall.net/resource/100279084